Notes and Quotes

The changing portrayal of adolescents in the media since 1950 - by Patrick Jamieson, Daniel Romer – ‘According to Bandura, modelling is not a simple case of mimicry. For example, seeing a woman supervising others in an office not only gives young viewers a model of such behaviour but also the idea that a woman can assume a professional role with all the supporting beliefs, skills and attitudes that this entails. Using these tools, viewers can learn to generate similar behaviour on their own.’

‘Robinson Wilde, Navracruz, Haydel, & Varady (2001) showed that reducing exposure to television and violent video games for a period of six months resulted in a noticeable decline in reports of peer aggression and in behavioural observations of verbal aggression on the school playground.’

 Representations of Youth: The Study of Youth and Adolescence in Britain and America - Christine Griffin

John Lucas: why teen’s riot - It explores the issues of youth gang violence from an author who was born and raised in Hackney and experienced street violence firsthand, John Lucas explains the pressures that cause teens to riot.

Crime, Justice and the Media By Ian Marsh, Gaynor Melville, Gaynor Melville – ‘It was in the late 1890s that the words ‘hooligan’ and ‘hooliganism’ were first used to describe delinquent youth and there were regular newspaper reports of hooligan gangs smashing up coffee stalls and public houses, robbing and assaulting old ladies, foreigners and the police.’ – The quote defines what young teenagers are been represented at, from the start of the 1890’s which is why they are now being stereotyped to be ‘Hooligans’.

Moral Panics Over Contemporary Children and Youth (Charles Krinsky ) - Cohen describes the continually changing function that young people serve in many moral panics.Young deliquents are far from unique in being associated with violence, and no one type of youthful deviant has been constructed entirely like any other “these groups have occupied a constant position as folks devils in moral panics” (Cohen 2002,2)

Blaming Children: Youth Crime, Moral Panic and the Politics of Hate By Bernard Schissel -  ‘ That kids are out of control and more dangerous now than ever before, and that youth crime is expanding at an alarming rate’                       

Media Portrays

Young people are always portrayed negatively by the media as the media gets a lot of stories from the use of ‘hoodies’, youth knife crime and binge drinking. The positive aspects of teenagers are being represented negatively by the use of ‘risking marks at GCSE’ and A Levels.

‘Are exams getting easier?’ stereotyping them to be troublemakers who are not involved in the community and practically do nothing as well as studying and when they do get high grades they make this turn into exams turning to be easier than previous years.

Bad news always sells out more than good news so informing the audience about the good news, they always flip it around, which is why this sells out more and attracts a wide range of people.

Attack the block is one of the movies that represent teenager’s negatively by the use of jargon and the clothes that are been used, this has been used due to the reason that the society see teenagers in this way, however during the end it shows how one of the teenagers are being shown positively and how he is the ‘hero’.

Folk Devils and Moral Panics (Routledge Classics) by Stanley Cohen -

Other movies that could relate to this are ‘Kidulthood’ and ‘Adulthood’ which shows the audience how teenagers are being represented and stereotyped. ‘This has created a climate of fear against young people, which could be described as something of a ‘moral panic’ – fears of gang culture, hoodie-wearing teenagers, and the emergence of ‘chav’ stereotypes are all indicative of this’

Newspapers portrays

The Independent - ‘Hoodies, louts, scum’: how media demonises teenagers. The research shows how teenagers are frightened of other teenage boys, Media stereotype teenagers negatively and some disagree about this topic.

News

BBC - Are young people portrayed badly in the media? – The media tends to portray young people in an overwhelmingly negative light. The children’s minister ‘Margaret Hodge’ said ‘The young are being unfairly targeted and should not be linked automatically with anti-social behaviour’  

The Guardian - UK riots: teenager accused of punching Malaysian student appears in court – A Malaysian student who was punched which ‘Broke the jaw of a Malaysian student’.

In 2008/9 there were more stories on knife crime, and extreme violence amongst teenagers who were dominated in the media. The kids were being portrayed both in fiction and in the press .It either seemed to be voyeurism or demonisation

‘Rioting teenagers 'were bored in long summer holiday' – The Telegraph – ‘Teenagers joined the looting mobs that torched shops and fought police earlier this month because they were bored and they believed they could get away with it, according to research’

http://www.flavourmag.co.uk/attack-the-block-cast-talk-aliens-and-hoodie-stereotypes/

“Our unlikely heroes are a group of typical London youths and are initially far from sympathetic, conforming to the unfortunate ‘hoodie’ stereotype.”

“what makes Attack the Block really interesting is the representation of London youth.”

“the portrayal of young British people all the more poignant.”

“youth collective identity”

http://feedmefilms.co.uk/2012/02/26/representations-of-black-crime-in-attack-the-block-2011/

“This has created a climate of fear against young people, which could be described as something of a ‘moral panic’ – fears of gang culture, hoodie-wearing teenagers, and the emergence of ‘chav’ stereotypes are all indicative of this.”

“If we keep telling young people that they are all violent criminal offenders, it may influence some teenagers to become involved in the lifestyle that the media expects them to be involved in anyway.”
“This argument is about, this absence of parental discipline and lack of role models might have been provided as one of the reasons for increase on criminality activity.”

“purpose of challenging stereotypical perceptions of class, and of breaking down the barrier between her character and the others”

 http://feedmefilms.co.uk/2012/02/26/representations-of-black-crime-in-attack-the-block-2011/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/childrens-books-site/2012/aug/14/john-lucas-london-riots-teens 

-A recent example of a style of dress worn by young people, rather than what could be termed a youth subculture, that has excited some degree of panic and paranoia among the wider population has been the wearing of hooded sweatshirts, or hoodies(Cohen 1985)
-it was not until 2005, that the press and public were referring to ‘hoody culture
http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Marsh_Melville_Moral_Panics_and_the_British_Media_March_2011.pdf

Representation theory? – how a particular person or group of people are being presented to the audience.

What is being represented?

How are they represented?

Who is creating the representation?

Key areas of representation: age, gender, social class, ethnicity.

Perkins argues that stereotypes are not ‘simple’. They contain complex understanding of and information about roles and status in society. Perkins also argues that they are not always negative and often contain truth.

-Teen movies : Adulthood, The breakfast club (1985), Kidulthood, Project x

Project x- Negative representation of teenagers drinking, drugs, going against their parents, sex. Audience who identify and recognize them as stereotypes.

Media magazine:

-we would expect to see proms andhigh school clashes, with themes and issues regarding the loss of virginity, relationships, social groups and cliques, and American pop-culture. As the protaganist is more of a film Noir character than a ‘teen hero’, we see few events that are associated with the genre , apart from the drugs element at the heart of the labryinthine plot, and a party early on.